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cleft chin
The terms cleft chin,〔 chin cleft,〔〔(''Sharks of the world'' ), Vol. 2, pg. 143; by Leonard J. V. Compagno, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001.〕 dimple chin,〔(''Rob Roy'' ), pg. 229 (in 1872 edition, pub. Osgood); by Sir Walter Scott, 1817.〕〔()〕 or chin dimple,〔 refer to a dimple on the chin. It is a Y-shaped fissure on the chin with an underlying bony peculiarity. Specifically, the chin fissure follows the fissure in the lower jaw bone that resulted from the incomplete fusion of the left and right halves of the jaw bone, or muscle, during the embryonal and fetal development. For other individuals, it can develop over time, often because one half of the jaw is longer than the other, leading to facial asymmetry.〔(Mammalian Phenotype Browser:Cleft chin )〕
This is an inherited trait in humans, where the dominant gene causes the cleft chin, while the recessive genotype presents without a cleft. However, it is also a classic example for variable penetrance with environmental factors or a modifier gene possibly affecting the phenotypical expression of the actual genotype. Cleft chins are common among people originating from Europe.〔Günther, H. Anomalien und Anomaliekomplexe in der Gegend des ersten Schlundbogens. Zeitschrift für menschliche Vererbungs- und Konstitutionslehre 23: 43-52. Lebow, M.R., and P.B. Sawin. Inheritance of human facial features: a pedigree study involving length of face, prominent ears and chin cleft. Journal of Heredity 32: 127-132.〕
In Persian literature, the chin dimple is considered a factor of beauty, and is metaphorically referred to as "the chin pit" or "the chin well": a well in which the poor lover is fallen and trapped.〔(چاه زنخدان the chin well )〕
==See also==
* List of Mendelian traits in humans
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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